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Glossary of Logistics Terms

A

ABC Classification Method: Classification of materials/products in stock according to turnover, quantity, value, etc.

Agent An organization or individual providing services on behalf of a logistics company in a region other than its headquarters.

Emergency Plan: It is a plan showing the measures to be taken against unexpected developments that may occur in the future.

Urgent Stock: The amount of stock that must always be kept on hand in case of unplanned emergencies.

Container with Openable Roof (Opentop): A container that does not fit into a standard container or cannot be loaded from the container door with a forklift or similar equipment.

ADR: It is a standard that includes the rules for the transportation of flammable, combustible and explosive materials by road and requires the necessary documents for vehicles and drivers in order to transport these materials.
They are listed below according to their class;

Class 1: Explosive Substances
Class 2: Gases
Class 3: Flammable Liquid Substances
Class 4.1: Flammable Solids
Class 4.2: Self-Combustible Substances
Class 4.3: Substances that burn on contact with water
Class 5.1: Caustic (Oxidizing) Substances
Class 5.2: Organic Peroxides
Class 6.1: Toxic Substances
Class 6.2: Infectious Substances
Class 7: Radioactive Materials
Class 8: Corrosive (Acidic) Substances
Class 9: Substances with Different Hazards

Address: These are locations within the logistics facility whose physical boundaries are defined and identified to the system with an identification number.

Addressing During the operation carried out within the logistics facility, the products or transport units (baskets, parcels, pallets, etc.) are physically placed at an address within the facility and systematically recorded by matching the identification number of the relevant product or transport unit with the identification number of the address where it is placed.

Stock Accuracy at the address: It is the one-to-one matching of the products physically located at an address within the logistics facility with the products registered at the relevant address on the system.

Payment Under Letter Of Credit (L/C): A conditional commitment by a bank, at the request of a buyer, to make payment to a specified seller in return for the presentation of documents relating to goods or services detailed by the buyer.

Transfer: It is the process of unloading the cargo coming with a vehicle and loading it to another vehicle to be shipped in a short time without any special treatment.

Transfer Center: Processing centers where incoming cargo is unloaded and outgoing cargo is loaded according to the destination, cargo is stored for short periods of time during the day, and cargo is transferred between vehicles.

Active Stacking It is a stack of loads that are worked on and material is placed/lifted according to the requirement.

Buyer The party receiving the product.

Packaging: It is a container made of materials such as metal, plastic, glass, etc. that protects products from external influences, facilitates promotion and marketing, provides visuality and ergonomics of use, and contains information about the product inside.

Ambar: It is a closed or open secured area where products are placed for a certain period of time depending on the need.

Warehouse Receipt of Receipt (ATF): In order to provide storage, transportation and/or value-added services, it is a document issued to document that the goods in question are transferred to the responsibility of the relevant party by signing and stamping when receiving or delivering the goods from the company, supplier or customer providing the service in question.

Main Route It is the most convenient and most used route between origin and destination.

Master Airway Bill (MAWB): It is used for shipments made from the actual sender to the actual recipient in air transportation.

Contracted Warehouse: A warehouse where storage activities are carried out on behalf of a customer or customers based on a contract.

Agreement: In procurement services, it is the text of an agreement reached between the relevant parties to define the conditions in advance and clearly.

Bonded Warehouse: It is a type of warehouse where the goods subject to customs legislation are kept under customs supervision and where the necessary transactions are carried out in order to complete the relevant foreign trade transaction.

Interim Bill (House Airway Bill - HAWB): It is the loading document for air freight issued by agents. The interim bill of lading also contains loading instructions for the destination agent, a description of the goods and the applicable transportation charges.

Warehouse (Storage): The place where the products/materials are stored and kept, the storage/storage service and the price paid for this service.

Astarya (Laydays and Cancelling Clause - LayCan): The interval of days that the ship can stay in the port for loading or unloading.

Progressive Stock: Stock at a particular stage in the supply chain to meet customer requirements.

Ata Carnet (Ata Carnet): Within the scope of the international import agreement, it is a document that replaces the collateral that allows the temporary acceptance of goods between the party countries without being subject to customs duty and is accepted as a declaration.

ATR (ATR Movement Certificate): According to the Customs Union Agreement signed between Turkey and the European Community, it is a document issued by the exporter in order to benefit from customs exemption in the export of goods in free circulation.

Anti Slipping Mats: Anti-slip mats.

Handyman: A toolbox containing the tools (hammer, screwdriver, etc.) used to repair a vehicle.

B

BAF (Bunker Adjustment Factor): It is a freight item determined every month to avoid being affected by fluctuations in oil prices.

Belt Conveyor System: These conveyors are designed to have the potential to transport products from boxed and packaged materials to bulk materials, with a conveying surface made of materials such as plastic and rubber.

Barcode: Within the scope of automatic identification technology, they are line-space combinations of different thicknesses that can be read by an optical reader device and transferred to a computer as numbers, characters or a combination thereof.

Waiting Time: The period during which the load is not physically moving.

Declaration Amount: The value of the goods declared by the shipper.

Block Train (Unit Train): If there is enough freight, an entire railroad car is allocated to this freight. The cargo in question may belong exclusively to a company.

Box Trailer: Flatbed trailer

Phytosanitary Certificate: Phytosanitary Certificate

C

Ç

CAF (Currency Adjustment Factor): Fluctuations in the US dollar are included in freight.

CED: Common Health Entry Document (Common Health Entry Document) : For the export of fresh vegetables and fruits originating in Turkey, it is the food certificate required for entry into the European Union region.

CEMT: European Conference of Ministers of Transport

UBAK is the transport regulatory body on the European continent, organized under the name of the Conference of Ministers of Transport of European Countries, whose French acronym is CEMT and English acronym is ECMT.

CFR (Cost and Freight): It is a form of delivery in international trade that is used only in sea and inland water transportation, where the cost of goods and freight are paid. The seller undertakes all costs and risks and brings the goods to the port where they will be loaded and delivers them to the ship as customs cleared for export. The risk of damage and loss of the goods passes to the buyer when the goods are placed on board the ship, while the transfer of costs to the buyer takes place at the port of destination.

CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight): It is a form of delivery in international trade used only in sea and inland water transportation, where the cost of goods, insurance and freight are paid. It means that the seller undertakes all costs and risks, brings the goods to the port where they will be loaded, and delivers them to the ship as customs cleared for export. In addition, the seller makes an insurance contract on behalf of the buyer at a minimum coverage rate against the risk of loss and damage that may occur during the transportation of the goods. While the risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred to the buyer when the goods are placed on board the ship, the transfer of costs to the buyer takes place at the port of destination and the risk is transferred to the buyer.

CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): It is a form of delivery in international trade, used in all forms of transportation, for which the cost of goods, insurance and freight are paid. It implies that the seller will deliver the goods to a carrier or other person selected by the seller for export to a designated place (if such a place is agreed by the parties) and the seller is obliged to pay the transportation costs to bring the goods to the specified destination. The seller shall take out insurance at a minimum coverage rate appropriate to the type of goods loaded by paying the insurance premium. The seller is deemed to have fulfilled his "delivery obligation" when he delivers the goods to the carrier, not when the goods arrive at the destination.

CMR Agreement: It is a road transport document used by countries that accept the provisions of the international CMR Agreement. It shows that the transportation is carried out according to the provisions of the CMR. It is issued by the shipper or logistics company on behalf of the consignee.

CMR International Consignment Note (CMR International Consignment Note): It is issued by the transportation company on behalf of the buyer. It is a legal evidence that the goods have been received in good condition to be transported under the specified conditions and that the transportation contract has been concluded.

CPT (Carriage Paid To): It is a form of delivery in international trade that is used in all forms of transportation for which the cost of goods and freight have been paid. It is used especially in multi-vehicle transportation. It implies that the seller will deliver the goods, cleared for export, to a carrier or other person of his choice at a designated place (if such a place is agreed by the parties) and that the seller is obliged to pay the transportation costs for bringing the goods to the specified destination. As a general rule, from the moment the goods are transferred to the custody of the first carrier, all risks and charges other than freight pass to the buyer.

Cross Docking: It is the process of sorting and shipping the products obtained from the supplier according to the requirements of the customers without being taken into stock and without the content being spoiled on the basis of the transportation container.

Packing List: A parcel is a packing list. It is a detailed list showing the number, piece, weight, size and number of the items in the cargo, as well as the recipient information and address.

D

Distributed Stock: Keeping the same material stock in different locations.

Distribution: It is the set of operations carried out in order for the products to be shipped and delivered (sent) to the specified places in accordance with the specified time, quantity, etc. conditions.

Distribution Network: It is the system that defines the elements such as warehouse, route, point of sale, etc. that take place in the process from the shipment points of the products to the delivery points.

Distribution Channel It is the whole of the connection points on the flow of goods/services produced and/or offered by the enterprise from the enterprise to the end user.

Distribution Center: Logistics facilities where storage, value-added processing, handling, packaging and shipment of products from suppliers or suppliers are carried out until distribution.

DAP (Delivered At Place): It is a form of delivery in international trade, which is used in all forms of transportation, including a wide variety of transportation, with the cost of goods, insurance, freight and internal transportation paid. It means that the seller delivers the goods by leaving them at the disposal of the buyer without unloading them from the incoming transportation vehicle at the designated destination. The seller bears all damages and costs of bringing the goods to the designated destination. The seller bears all costs up to the place of destination, but customs clearance and costs in the buyer's country are borne by the buyer.

Narrow Aisle Storage System: Racking systems are used in warehouses in order to use the warehouse volume more efficiently vertically. The spaces between the racking systems are called aisles. When standard handling equipment (forklift, reachtruck, etc.) is used, these aisles should have a width of around 3 meters. In order to use the warehouse volume efficiently horizontally, it is a storage system in which the width of these aisles is narrowed to 2 meters with special handling equipment.

Narrow Aisle Stacking Equipment: Narrow Aisle Storage System is the equipment used for placing and retrieving pallets on the shelf by moving in the aisles with guides such as rail, laser light, magnetic line. Models in which the operator's cabin can move vertically with the product are called "man-up" models, while models in which the cabin remains fixed at the floor shelf level are called "man-down" models. "Man-up" models can be used for pallet handling as well as order picking from high shelves.

DAT (Delivered At Terminal): It is a form of delivery in international trade, which is used in all forms of transportation, including a wide variety of transportation, with the cost of goods, insurance, freight and internal transportation paid. It means that the goods are delivered when the seller leaves the goods at the disposal of the buyer unloaded from the incoming transportation vehicle at the designated destination or terminal at the port. DAT is the placing of the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the terminal point determined by the buyer and the seller, with the unloading costs borne by the seller.

DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): It is a form of delivery in international trade used in all forms of transportation, including multi-modal transportation, with goods price, insurance, freight and internal transportation paid. The seller's obligation of delivery ends when the goods are held ready for delivery at the place designated in the importing country. The seller is obliged to bear the risks and expenses, including taxes, duties and other charges, necessary for the transportation of the goods to that point and their clearance through import customs.

Demurrage The ship exceeds the loading and unloading time allotted to it or the cargo waiting in the container is not cleared and unloaded before the allotted time.

Depo: They are intermediate points that play a strategic role in the realization of the entire sequence of activities from the raw material stage, through the production environment, to the distribution of products to consumption centers.

Warehouse Management System: It is a system that records and reports the entire process from the acceptance of the products arriving at the warehouse to their shipment (including external field management) in a computer environment and using automatic recognition technologies, directs employees by making decisions on issues such as address determination and allocation within the process with the smart algorithms it contains, and ensures the tracking and planning of resources.

Desi: It is the value obtained by multiplying the three dimensions (width, length, height) of loads such as packages, crates, parcels in centimeters and dividing by 3,000.

Yard Management: Ensuring and monitoring that all vehicles and persons entering the logistics facility boundaries act in accordance with defined processes and rules (such as traffic flow, use of parking areas, protection of the security chain).

Vertical Storage System: It is a mechatronic system with an elevator system and trays in each module. It provides storage by placing products or transport containers (baskets, parcels, etc.) on trays and transporting them vertically with the elevator system. It provides efficient storage in the vertical direction by detecting the height of the products placed on the tray by means of the sensors inside and minimizing the distance between the trays.

Vertical Conveyor System: It is a conveyor system used when the communication between floors, intermediate floors or stations with height differences within the same floor is not long enough to be solved with an inclined conveyor.

Direct Shipment: Products are shipped to the customer without any storage process.

Document: Each form such as invoice, purchase order, etc.

Dozvola: It is a transit pass for TIRs used by countries between each other. Countries mutually pay an annual Dozvola Certificate fee. TIRs that receive this document can carry transit cargo transportation from countries.

Bulk Cargo A type of loading where the load is not in a transport container that can be handled by equipment and handling requires touching the load.

Cycle Count: It is the process of counting and recording the stock in an orderly manner in certain periods in order to ensure stock accuracy.

Fourth Party Logistics (4PL): They are companies that bring together the resources, capabilities and technology of their own organization with third-party logistics (3PL) companies and undertake the design and management of the entire chain to provide comprehensive supply chain solutions to their customers. 4PL companies must have the expertise and ability to add value throughout the entire supply chain.

DPU Delivery method: Unloaded Delivery at the Designated Location.

E

Electric Stacker: It is electrical equipment used for stacking palletized loads by moving them vertically. The equipment does not have a cabin for the operator, the operator uses the equipment on foot. It is a smaller and more economical product compared to conventional stacking equipment such as the Reachtruck, but the maximum height it can reach is lower.

Electric Pallet Truck (Jet): Hand-operated and electrically (battery) powered equipment used to transport palletized loads in a practical horizontal direction. The ability to move/assist pallets in vertical direction is very limited.

Electronic Commerce (E-Commerce): On the Internet, people buy real or virtual products on certain systems in exchange for money.

Electronic Product Code: A code for global, immediate and automatic identification and tracking of a product in the supply chain, including code version, manufacturer/manufacturer information, product type and serial number of the product.

Handling: In logistics facilities, it is a general expression used for all processes such as changing the location of products, distorting and reconstructing the package structure, changing container sizes, controlling, labeling, and stretching.

Commodities: It is the name given to all goods and products subject to trade.

Inventory: Physical and/or financial list of all fixtures and stocks in the enterprise.

Access Area: Passage used to access shelf compartments or stacks. Used for material counting purposes.

Flexibility: The ability to adapt to changes in consumer demands.
Flexi Conveyor: Each section is 1 meter long and thanks to its scissor structure, it is a conveyor model that can adapt to different distances by lengthening and shortening.

Simultaneous Entry and Order Preparation (Flow Thru): Similar to Cross Docking, it is the process of sorting and shipping the products according to the orders of the customers without taking the products obtained from the supplier into stock. Unlike cross-docking, there may be a need to make changes to the contents of the transport container, so the products in the transport container are handled one by one and subjected to both entry and order preparation simultaneously. In cases where the incoming quantity of the relevant product is more than the order quantity, the remaining quantity (called residue) is subjected only to the goods receiving process and taken into stock. Thus, it is ensured that the product arriving at the entry stage is partially or completely sorted by matching with the orders and only those that do not match are taken into stock, thus reducing operational processes and saving on resource utilization.

ETA (Estimated Time Of Arrival): Estimated arrival date.

Euro Pallet (EUR - pallet): Over time, European countries have standardized pallets and determined their properties such as size, quality, material type, moisture content, nails used and defined the pallets that comply with these standards as Euro Pallets. The standard number of the Euro Pallet is UIC 435-2V. Its dimensions are 80 cm x 120 cm.

Ex Beyan It is an export declaration.

Extranet: A network created so that different organizations (customers, suppliers, government agencies, etc.) can use the same software and protocols over the internet.
Ex Works: It is a form of delivery in international trade that expresses only the cost of the goods and provides the delivery of the goods to the buyer in the seller's own warehouse or enterprise. All costs, risks and other obligations related to the goods are borne by the buyer after the delivery of the goods at the enterprise. The seller is not obliged to load the goods on any means of transportation, nor is he obliged to fulfill these customs clearance procedures in cases where customs clearance procedures are required for export.

F

FAS (Free Alongside Ship): It is a form of delivery in international trade used in the form of sea and inland water transportation, with the cost of goods and inland transportation paid until the port. It refers to the seller's delivery of the goods at the designated loading port, leaving them in the line of the ship chosen by the buyer (at the dock), customs cleared for export. From the moment of delivery, the risks such as loss or damage of the goods belong to the buyer. From this moment on, all costs and freight related to the goods are borne by the buyer.

Invoice: It is a document issued by the seller containing information such as product, quantity, quality, type of sale, weight, address, date, etc.

FCA (Free Carrier): It is a form of delivery in international trade, which is used in all forms of transportation, with the cost of goods and internal transportation paid until the designated place. It means that the seller's obligation ends when the goods are delivered to the carrier appointed by the buyer at the place specified by the buyer for export. If the buyer appoints someone who is not the carrier himself to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his delivery obligation by leaving the goods to this person.

Feeder Service: It is the receipt or delivery of goods from large sea vessels to small sea vessels or barges or vice versa. Direct service from large ships is often not possible.

FIFO (First in First Out): A rule, often used in warehousing and costing, that stipulates that the first in for storage is the first out.

Fictive: It is the type of warehouse where the private company stores only its own bonded goods.

Fleet Management: The harmonious management and execution of self-owned vehicles, equipment, garages and infrastructure systems in logistics companies in an orderly manner is called fleet management. It covers all the works such as where and when the vehicles will be, their maintenance, in which accommodation places they will stay, the equipment to be found in the vehicle, and the driver status.

Physical Distribution: The physical transportation of produced goods to consumers, storage, stock control, packaging, information communication and order processing.

Physical Census: It is the process of counting and recording all inventory in the warehouse or facility in a certain order, usually once or twice a year, by temporarily stopping the entry and exit operations.

FOB (Free On Board): It is an international form of delivery. The seller loads the goods on the ship provided by the buyer at the specified date and place. Any damage, loss and expenses that may occur after the goods pass to the deck of the ship are the responsibility of the buyer. The seller prepares all documents required for export and delivers the goods by completing the customs procedures.

Forklift: It is a forked transport/lifting vehicle, fork lift used for handling operations such as loading, unloading, transportation, placement, stacking, etc. in open and closed areas.

Frigo Transportation (Transportation Refrigerated): Means transportation of fresh and frozen food up to -26 degrees Celsius.

FTL (Full Truck Load): A load that fully fills the carrying capacity (volume, weight) of a trailer.

G

Gabari: Measurements that determine the length, width and height of vehicles, loaded or unloaded, in order to ensure their safe travel on the highway.

Provisional Acceptance: Raw material, semi-product or product is imported from abroad, transformed into semi-product/product by adding/not adding different substances in the country or by performing/not performing value-added processes (labor, etc.) and exported abroad.

Revenue Management: Increasing revenues through efficient practices.

Dressing Warehouse: It is a type of building where the racking system is used as the main carrier system of the warehouse building as well as product storage. After the racking system is installed, facade and roof panels are covered on top of it, and mechanical electrical systems are also installed integrated into the racking system. Therefore, compared to conventional warehouse racks, curtain racks cannot be flexibly dismantled, moved or relocated without affecting the building.

Hidden Damage: This is when products in a seemingly undamaged container are later found to be damaged.

Sender The party requesting the transportation of the product is the company.

GPRS: It is a communication technology that allows data to be transmitted to users over the GSM network.

Groupage The allocation of a transport vehicle or container to more than one shipper.

Customs Declaration (Bill Of Entry): It is called a written declaration document stating the characteristics, dimensions and qualifications of the goods to be entered or exited in the country, to be transited or to be subjected to another process. It is issued in duplicate.

Customs Union: It is an agreement between one or more countries to facilitate import transactions, to eliminate or reduce customs duties, and to ensure that the same customs tariff applies in all countries.

Customs Clearance Certificate: It is the customs certificate that all legal requirements have been met and the vehicle can leave.

Customs Registration: It is the approval of the customs declaration prepared by the exporter or importer company or its customs agent before customs, and submission of the relevant commodity for customs approval in order to import it.

Safe Zone: A place reserved for the storage of special materials.

Safety Stock: It is the amount of stock kept in order to avoid stock-outs as a result of unexpected situations that may occur in the supply period and consumption (sales) rate.

Itinerary: The path that people, goods, vehicles, services or information will follow between predetermined starting and ending points.

HS Code: It is the abbreviation of Customs Tariff Statistics Position. In our country, GTIP is the name given to the code of 12 in the Customs Tariff Schedule.

H

Raw material They are materials that are processed in production processes and highly used to obtain the final product.

Hamule Senedi: It is a receipt document used in transportation by train. It does not have the characteristics of a negotiable instrument.

Moving Rack: It is a system where shelf blocks can move horizontally with motor drive. With this mobility, less aisles can be planned and more intensive storage can be realized. It is generally used in operations with relatively low entry and exit handling speed (such as archive storage).

Moving Ramp It is the equipment that allows the passage of handling equipment between the warehouse and the vehicle body. With its movable structure, it eliminates the height difference between the vehicle crates at different heights and the warehouse floor and acts as a bridge between them.

Damage: All damages that cause loss of value such as tearing, cracking, breakage, deterioration, deformation, deformation, wetting, etc. that occur during transportation, storage, handling, etc. of materials.

Airway Bill of Lading (Airway Bill): It is a non-endorsable bill of carriage between the shipper and the air carrier.

I

İ

IATA (International Air Transport Association): It is the organization that oversees the scheduling and authorization of passenger and cargo transport in international air transport.

IMCO Charge: It is the additional fee requested by the shipowner in dangerous goods transportation.

IMO Document: It is the document used to transport flammable, explosive and chemical substances.

Intermodal Transportation: Intermodal transportation is the transportation of the goods to be transported to the final destination by using more than one transportation model (Ro-Ro, road, maritime, railway) without any physical operation on the goods and without opening the container/trailer.

ISPM 15 Standard: The standard on internationally traded wood packaging materials, set by the International Plant Health Convention (IPPC) for phytosanitary measures, to prevent the transport and spread of harmful organisms through wood packaging materials used for export.

Heat Treatment:For wood packaging material to be considered heat-treated, the core temperature of the wood must reach a minimum of 56 °C and be kept at 56 °C for 30 minutes.

Pick by Light: During the product collection process, it is an electronic system that shows the personnel how many products will be collected from which address by means of an LED screen. It allows the result of the picking process to be reported to the warehouse management system via the buttons on it.

Put to Light: In the product sorting process, it is an electronic system that shows the personnel how many products will be placed at which address by means of an LED screen. It allows the result of the sorting process to be reported to the warehouse management system via the buttons on it.

Returns: After the delivery of the product to the buyer, the activities of taking the products back to the starting point from the buyer for reasons such as damage, rejection, recovery of packaging materials, expiration, out of fashion, repair, etc.

Return Product Certificate: This is the form that shows that the returned product is the company's original product and states the reason for the return.

Return Management: It is the management of processes such as transportation, storage, recovery and disposal of products returned from the customer to the supplier.

Pass-Through Shelf: A rack that allows stacking equipment to enter the rack from the aisle, allows pallets to be stacked in depth and thus minimizes the area allocated as an aisle, stores small quantities of goods in high quantities, and uses rails instead of sleepers for placement. It provides an operation in accordance with the LIFO (last in first out) principle.

Export (Export): It is the trade that occurs by sending goods from one country to another country.

Replenishment: It is an in-store transfer process to ensure the availability of the material in different packaging formats and/or storage locations during the storage process.
Intranet: The interconnection of computer networks to enable data exchange between company units.

Waybill (BOL): It is an official document showing the delivery of goods approved by the finance ministry, used when shipping the goods sold from one place to another.

Stack: It is a pile of loads made up of different loads according to certain criteria.

Stacking: It is the stacking of materials on top of each other in order to use the volume in a vertical direction.

Cooperation: Encourage, encourage and incentivize all parties in the supply chain for better chain performance.

Import: It is the trade that occurs by bringing goods from another country to the current country.

Traceability: It is the ability to capture and report data about the path of a product from production to consumption throughout the supply chain.

J

Jettison: When the ship is in danger, materials are thrown overboard.

Joint Rate (Joint Freight Charge): The price applied from one transport point to another. This is the only agreed and approved tariff between transport systems.

Just In Time Delivery System: It is a system for the shipment and delivery of the material in the required time and quantity, from the required place to the required place under the desired conditions.

K

K1: It is the authorization certificate that real or legal persons who will carry out intercity goods transportation by road with one or more self-owned vehicles must obtain from the Ministry of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications.

Cabotage In maritime trade, it is the authorization of a country to carry out transportation within its own country only to carriers flying its flag. It is also used in road transportation as the right of commercial vehicle drivers to work in other countries.

Acceptance Credit Payment (Acceptance Credit): It is a form of payment that commits the payment of the price of the goods in a certain term and a policy is the instrument for this payment. In other words, acceptance credit is a form of payment in which the price of the goods sold is paid to the seller at a maturity tied to a policy. This credit is used by the importer or, in addition, by the importer's bank accepting the policy presented with the documents. In payment on acceptance credit, banks act as intermediaries for the parties and receive a commission for this. There is "trade acceptance" if the policy issued by the seller is accepted only by the buyer. If it is foreseeable that the policy will be accepted by a bank, the bank will accept the policy or may advance the importer's acceptance. This is called "banker's acceptance". In this form of payment, the exporter guarantees itself against the importer who wants to buy on credit, by the bank's acceptance or advance on the policy.

Quality Control: It is the determination of the degree to which a product or service meets the prescribed quality conditions.

Kanban: In just-in-time production/supply systems, it is the information, document, signal, electronic message that ensures the supply of the required material when and in the quantity required.

Capacity: The maximum amount of production (output) that can be achieved under specified conditions, in terms of time or other criteria.

Land Transportation: It is a transportation model that involves the transportation of the entire process from the point of origin to the destination of the goods using the road route.

Quarantine Stock: Stock that is kept separate from sound products due to faulty documentation, defective goods, recall of defective products, etc.

Mixed Transport: The use of at least two different transportation systems within the same shipment.

Counter-trade - Barter (Counter-trade): They are direct and simultaneous exchanges of two groups of goods that are considered to be of equal value, carried out under a single contract that does not involve financial payments or fund transfers. Swap contracts generally involve one-off transactions, not long-term and regular transactions with the same customer.

Value Added: The value a company adds to its inputs (the sum of labor, depreciation, profit, taxes and liabilities) / the value, functionality or benefit that is increased or improved.

Value Added Transactions (VAS): Labeling, packaging, folding, temperature measuring, transferring, mixing, combining, sorting, palletizing, light assembly, return operations, destruction, adding user manuals, barcode operations, maintenance-repair operations, etc. performed in warehouses upon customer requests.

Sliding Shelf In order to realize the FIFO principle for packages such as boxes, pallets, etc. for high turnover speed and better volume utilization, it is a shelf where after a package is received, the other packages slide on inclined rollers to the unloading position.

Resource Planning: It is an optimization study carried out periodically in order to use all owned and/or subcontracted resources efficiently and in a way that will benefit the organization. As a result of the needs and demands that may arise based on the results of resource planning, processes such as procurement can also be triggered.

Kingpin: It is the large pin that connects the tractor to the semi-trailer.

Knocked Down (KD): It is the disassembly of the cargo for reassembly in order to make an economical loading.

Code: It is a numeric or alphanumeric representation of text for the purpose of categorizing common information.

Box: A package of various sizes containing various items.
Parcel Label: It is a label on the outer side of the parcels used in transportation, showing the destination and/or parcel content information.

Combined Transportation: It is a transportation system in which the highway is used at the beginning and end stages of the transportation and the long-distance transportation in between is carried out by rail, river, canal or sea.

Complete The allocation of a means of transport or container to a shipper.

Consignment Export - Consignment (Consignations): It is a form of export made in the form of sending goods to foreign buyers, brokers, exporter's branch representations abroad to be sold later. The relevant persons or organizations receiving the goods sent to be sold sell the goods at fair value, commission, etc. deduct the expenses from the sales income and send the remaining amount to the exporter in foreign currency through the authorized bank.

Consignment Stock Products that are paid for when they are used, not when they are received.

Consolidation: Saving scale in transportation by creating large loading batches from small quantities of cargo.

Cantilevered Shelf It is a shelf used especially for stacking long goods (profile, pipe, plate, plastic, wood, etc.) side by side or on top of each other, with an open front side and carrying arms in horizontal direction.

Bill of Lading: It is a loading instruction. It contains all the details of the shipper and consignee, such as the place and date of loading, the place where the goods will be delivered, the type of goods, quantity, gross weight and method of delivery.

Container Standard metal cargo crates that are resistant to all kinds of atmospheric conditions, especially used in combined transportation with maritime transportation, easy to handle and stackable loads are placed inside.

Contract Logistics: It is the outsourcing of logistics operations based on a contract between the logistics service provider company and the customers.

Conveyor (Conveyor): It is a closed-circuit, continuous transfer mechanism for transporting loads from the air or ground. It is a continuous transportation vehicle used in the transportation of various loads and materials.

Corridor A passageway in a stockpile.

Available Addresses: It refers to the suitability and availability of the locations determined for different purposes (stocking, handling, vehicle loading/unloading, value-added services) in logistics facilities for the relevant process.

Küşüşat: It is a word of Persian origin and means opening, opening. It is the right of the owners to inspect, sample and weigh their goods before declaration in order to be able to issue their declaration.

L

L2 Document: It is a type of authorization certificate that companies engaged in international logistics operations must have in accordance with the Road Transport Law. Unless the violations specified in the provisions of the law are committed, the validity period of the certificate is 5 years.

LDM Loading Meter: It is the loading meter in a vehicle, that is, the expression of the area covered by a cargo in meters. For loads that cannot be loaded on top of each other in the transport vehicle, the tonnage calculation is made on the lademeter (LDM).

LIFO (Last In First Out): It is the principle that the last material in will be the first to leave.

Logistics: The physical flow of transportation, storage, packaging and handling, and the service flow of customs clearance, insurance, inspection, inventory management and order management.

Logistics Management: The stage of the supply chain process that involves the effective and efficient planning, implementation and control of the forward and reverse flows and storage of goods, services and related information between the point of production and the point of consumption to meet customer requirements.

Low-bed (Camel Neck Trailer): It is a semi-trailer that enables the transportation of loads that are different from the length, height, width and tonnage that normal trucks or trucks can carry, such as heavy construction machinery or special project loads, which are outside the standards according to international and domestic road transport regulations.

Lift Vehicle is the name given to trucks that load their own cargo thanks to the pallet truck located at the rear of the vehicles and used for lifting cargo, so they do not need forklifts and cranes.

M

Return to Country of Origin: Returning the imported material to the importing country in cases where it does not meet the qualifications of the imported material.

Goods Acceptance It is the process of accepting the material coming to the warehouse. The process includes unloading the load and taking it to the goods receiving area, comparing the physical information with the registered information, taking the goods into the warehouse and keeping the record.

Goods Receiving Area: This is the area where the acceptance processes of the material coming to the warehouse are carried out.
Cash Against Goods: It is a form of payment in which the price of the exported goods is paid after the goods are received by the importer.

Material Request: It is a request to receive goods from the warehouse or to start the purchasing process if they are not in the warehouse.

Material Management: It is the management of all materials within a company, including coding, requirement planning, inventory control, procurement, storage, etc.

Manifesto (Manifest): It is a document showing the list of details prepared by the carrier and its agent. It is the summary details of the total cargo in the vehicle. It is usually used for customs purposes.

Maut: In Germany, it is a highway use tax levied on vehicles over 12 tons.

Certificate Of Origin: It is a document that shows the origin of the goods in circulation in international trade, i.e. where they were produced and therefore which country they belong to.

Seasonal Stock: It is the stock kept before the start of a season to meet the consumption that will occur during the season.

Mezzanine Type (Platform - Walkway) Shelf System: It is a racking system used for storing small and multi-article products such as spare parts, ready-to-wear clothing, accessories, cosmetics, etc., providing access to each product without the use of equipment, allowing efficient use of warehouse volume vertically. It allows personnel to walk on the platforms inside the shelf and thus allows a high warehouse to be used as a mezzanine.

Examination: It is the control of the material at storage or customs points under the supervision of internal or external officials (third parties), by taking and analyzing samples when necessary.

Force Majeure: It is the provision in contracts that the parties cannot be held liable for unforeseen circumstances beyond their control (earthquake, flood, war, etc.).

Seal: It is a kind of locking system that is installed after the vehicle has been cleared by customs and that ensures that it cannot be opened without authorization until delivery.

Customer: The organization or person to whom products and services are sold.

Customer Relationship Management: Providing more effective and efficient services to customers through multi-directional and cross-analysis of customer characteristics and sales and marketing activities.

Low-bed (Camel Neck Trailer): It is a semi-trailer that enables the transportation of loads that are different from the length, height, width and tonnage that normal trucks or trucks can carry, such as heavy construction machinery or special project loads, which are outside the standards according to international and domestic road transport regulations.

Lift Vehicle is the name given to trucks that load their own cargo thanks to the pallet truck located at the rear of the vehicles and used for lifting cargo, so they do not need forklifts and cranes.

N

Freight (Freight): The fee paid for the transportation service.

O

Ö

Optimization: It is a concept that has parallels with resource planning. It aims to increase the measurable values of the organization such as efficiency and profitability by using these resources with maximum capacity with the actions to be taken and plans to be implemented within the existing resources, while aiming to keep these criteria at the lowest level within a structure measured by performance criteria such as penalties, delays and losses.

Ordino (Delivery Order): It is an order or instruction prepared to ensure that the goods written on the bill of lading can be withdrawn in parts. Ordino is also an instruction for the customs clearance of the goods against the bill of lading.

Average Stock: The average level of inventory held for a product, a product group or all products in a given period.

Automated Storage System (AS/RS): It is a storage system in which the placement of the material in its place in the warehouse and the removal and shipment of the material from the place where it is stored are carried out with computer-controlled equipment, and robots that can move horizontally and vertically for placement and picking in each shelf aisle.

Forms of Payment (Made Of Payment):

  1. Payment Under Letter Of Credit (L/C): A conditional commitment by a bank, at the request of a buyer, to make payment to a specified seller in return for the presentation of documents relating to goods or services detailed by the buyer.
  2. Acceptance Credit Payment (Acceptance Credit): It is a form of payment that commits the payment of the price of the goods in a certain term and a policy is the instrument for this payment. In other words, acceptance credit is a form of payment in which the price of the goods sold is paid to the seller at a maturity tied to a policy. This credit is used by the importer or, in addition, by the importer's bank accepting the policy presented with the documents. In payment on acceptance credit, banks act as intermediaries for the parties and receive a commission for this. There is "trade acceptance" if the policy issued by the seller is accepted only by the buyer. If it is foreseeable that the policy will be accepted by a bank, the bank will accept the policy or may advance the importer's acceptance. This is called "banker's acceptance". In this form of payment, the exporter guarantees itself against the importer who wants to buy on credit, by the bank's acceptance or advance on the policy.
  3. Counter-trade - Barter (Counter-trade): They are direct and simultaneous exchanges of two groups of goods that are considered to be of equal value, carried out under a single contract that does not involve financial payments or fund transfers. Swap contracts generally involve one-off transactions, not long-term and regular transactions with the same customer.
  4. Consignment Export - Consignment (Consignations): It is a form of export made in the form of sending goods to foreign buyers, brokers, exporter's branch representations abroad to be sold later. The relevant persons or organizations receiving the goods sent for sale sell the goods at their fair value. Commission etc. expenses are deducted from the sales revenue and the remaining amount is sent to the exporter in foreign currency through the authorized bank.
  5. Payment Against Goods (Cash Against Goods): It is a form of payment where the price of the exported goods is paid after the goods are received by the importer.
  6. Advance Payment (Cash Payment / Advance Payment / Prepayment / Cash Before Delivery): It is a form of payment in which the importer pays the goods to the exporter before the actual export.
  7. Cash Against Documents (CAD): It is a payment method that envisages the delivery of documents to the importer in return for the importer's bank paying the export price to the exporter's bank. The importer has the right to withdraw the goods from customs with the payment documents received. This form of payment is also called payment against documents.

Dead Stock: Stock that has not been demanded or consumed for a certain period of time.
Summary Declaration (Summary Declaration): It is a document showing that the goods to be imported and exported have arrived at customs.

P

Package: A container made of metal, plastic, cardboard, etc. that protects products from external influences and keeps them together, facilitating marketing, transportation, storage and distribution.

Packaging: It is all of the protective tools used to ensure the safe transportation of a product in the distribution chain extending from the producer to the consumer.

Palletization: Stacking the product on pallets for transportation and storage.

Panel van: While goods are transported in the open in a pickup truck, which is a light commercial vehicle similar to a minibus (semi-enclosed open body) with a closed chassis of 3 - 5 meters, this model carries loads in a hollow section like a closed warehouse.

Partial Shipments: It is the method of transporting the loads of different customers on the same route with the same truck.

Advance Payment (Cash Payment / Advance Payment / Prepayment / Cash Before Delivery): It is a form of payment in which the importer pays the goods to the exporter before the actual export.

Planning: The cargo requests from our customers and/or agencies are shipped by making loading plans based on the resources we have and customer requests.

Policy It is a written contract indicating that the insurance contract has been concluded and the mutual conditions of the contract (the rights and obligations of both parties).

Proforma: It is a preliminary invoice issued by the seller on behalf of the buyer and showing all kinds of details about the agreement made.

Promotion Innovations or advantages offered to increase sales.

R

Shelf: It is a storage equipment made of metal, wood or plastic material, which is used to maintain order in warehouses, to put products on it, to use the height and to protect the goods, which is permanently fixed or whose dimensions can be adjusted when necessary.

Ramp: It is the area that ensures that the chassis of the transport vehicle and the loading area are at the same height level, thus facilitating the unloading and loading of the material.

Rail Corridor The narrow aisle is the aisle with guide rails that allow the stackers to move in a certain direction.

Reach-Truck: It is an electric stacking equipment that can provide easy, comfortable, fast and safe movement in warehouses with wide aisles (about 3 meters wide), side loading and stacking at 10 - 13 meters high levels to meet storage needs.

Reserved Areas: Special areas, such as a predetermined cross-docking area, to be used for placement, collection or other purposes.

Reserved Stock: It is the stock allocated in the required amount within the framework of the work or purchase order opened for a specific product.

RF Handheld Terminal (Radio Frequency): They are easy-to-use, mobile handheld computers that collect information by scanning barcodes, QR codes or by manual operation with keys, deliver this collected information to the desired system database online via radio frequency without loss or error, and display information from the system database to direct personnel through the screen.

RF ID: It is an automatic recognition system consisting of a microchip with an antenna wrapped around it and a reader, integrated with a software-hardware system, where the data communication between the tag and the reader is provided by radio waves.

Routing: It is the determination of the order and route in which the transportation process will be carried out from the starting point to the points to be delivered.

Trailer It is a road transport vehicle for cargo transportation, which is towed by a towing vehicle and manufactured in accordance with the characteristics of the load it will carry, and can be parked on its own wheels.

Tugboat It is a motorized marine vessel that helps large ships maneuver quickly and safely in port areas.

Roller Conveyor: It is the equipment that moves the product or the transport container (pallet, basket, etc.) on them by rotating the placed cylinder molds with the motor.

R2 Document: It is a type of authorization certificate that must be held by companies that are organizers of international transportation works in accordance with the Road Transport Law. The validity period of the certificate is 5 years, unless the violations specified in the provisions of the law are committed.

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Ş

Fixed Storage Policy: It is a policy of storing each product in a dedicated area.

Fixed Price: This is the price that has not been changed in any way.

Fixed Costs: Costs that remain fixed and are not affected by the amount of work done in the short term.

Procurement: It is the transfer of ownership of the goods or services from the seller to the buyer at the desired quality, time and quantity, at an affordable price, with an appropriate delivery and payment schedule and additional conditions if deemed necessary.

Free Zone Although they are parts of the Turkish Customs Territory, they are places where goods not in free circulation are placed without being subjected to any customs regime and without being put into free circulation, provided that they are not used or consumed except for the cases stipulated in the customs legislation, and where goods in free circulation, which are considered to be outside the Turkish Customs Territory in terms of the application of import duties and trade policy measures, benefit from the facilities normally associated with the export of goods due to being placed in a free zone.

Packing Slip: An official document indicating the name, quantity, freight cost and invoice number of the cargo on the vehicle. It is a document that must be issued during the transportation of commercial commodities from one place to another and must be kept with the goods in order to be controlled in terms of tax legislation during the transportation of goods.

Shipment: It is the process of sorting the requests (orders) according to certain criteria (shipment day, location, loading vehicle, route, quantity, etc.) and removing them from the warehouse to be delivered to the requested locations with the relevant official documents.

Border Gate Indicates the country borders where export and/or import vehicles enter or leave the countries on their transit routes.

Sequential Stacking: It is the stacking of loads on top of each other on the ground according to a plan without using shelves.

Back to Back Shelf Spacing: In a back-to-back shelving system, it is the space left between two shelves, taking into account the overhang of the pallets from the shelves.

Back to Back Shelf System (Back to Back): It is the most common, economical and widely used shelving system in which the front faces of the shelves are placed close to the aisle and the back faces are placed close to each other, providing direct access to all product types, can be used manually or with handling equipment, and is very suitable for pallet use.

Insurance: A bilateral written contract made with an organization engaged in this business in return for a premium paid in advance to cover losses that may arise as a result of the realization of possible risks.

Order Confirmation Number: This is the number indicating the finalized order of a good to be delivered on a certain date. This number is used to receive materials and to track this receipt during the debit period.

Order Picking: For the products or services stored, it is the process of preparing for shipment by the warehouse personnel, which the customer notifies to the company by giving quantity and time.

Order Picker (Picker): It is a material handling equipment designed to manually pick orders that are less than the pallet load on the shelves, allowing the operator to rise while picking orders in horizontal and vertical directions, in other words, allowing the operator to change position on the machine.

Order Picker: Stacking equipment that allows the operator to go up and pick orders.

Order Management: It is the process of meeting demands or orders, pricing, keeping records, controlling stocks, making stock allocations or notifying the relevant places of production/purchasing requirements, tracking orders, monitoring delivery and collection.

Sovtaj: The monetary value of the damaged goods as assessed by the insurance expert.
Promissible Inventory: Planned stock quantities that indicate when future sales orders can be met.

Spanzet (Ratchet Strap): It is the general name of polyester strips that pass over the load and are fixed to the surface on which the load will be transported and used to fix the load by stretching with the tension mechanism known as "purse".

Spot Vehicle (Spot Vehicle): Free-running is the general name for vehicles with a one-time transportation agreement.

Standard Pallet Rack: Classic rack designed for standard pallets in Euro and ISO norms etc.

Standard Product Code: It is a code issued by the "Uniform Product Code" Council (UPCC), the first five characters of which identify the manufacturer and the other 5 characters identify the product.

Stock: It is the material that is usually kept in warehouses against future or potential needs.

Inventory Turnover: The ratio of the cost or quantity of goods sold to the average inventory value or quantity for a given period of activity.

Stock Adjustment: Systematic stock increase or decrease operations performed in order to correct stock errors on the system.

Stock Control It is the determination of orders or requirements by continuous or periodic monitoring of stocks in a way that does not cause stock excess or stock deficiency and in accordance with established rules.

Stock Type (Account): It is used for systematic sorting of stocks with different characteristics such as saleable stock, damaged stock, stock of products to be labeled, stock of problematic products, stock of returned products to be repackaged, stock of returned products to be inspected, stock of products awaiting destruction, stock of products awaiting quality control, etc.

Supalan: It is generally used in land and sea transportation, where the customs clearance of the material is carried out on the vehicle carrying out the transportation.

Sustainable Warehouse: They are areas that can serve for a long time by carrying out their activities in an environmentally and socially sensitive manner.

Process Improvement: Improvement efforts to increase quality, reduce costs and eliminate activities that do not create added value.

Continuous Improvement: It is a continuous cycle of activities based on planning, implementing, controlling and taking measures to improve performance.

Continuous Supply: It is the coordination of the flow of goods and information in the supply chain to ensure a continuous flow of products and less product held in retailer inventories.

Stange: It is a much confused equipment with spanbret. It is used to ensure the safety of suspended loads, it can also be used instead of spanbret in textile trailers.

Swap Body: This is the name for containers that are too thin to be stacked on top of each other and lifted over the top by a stacker. They are made of very lightweight materials to reduce initial purchase costs and minimize fuel costs in the long term. Their dimensions are standard ISO container dimensions so that they can be loaded onto other container-carrying vehicles. Thanks to the folding legs, which are usually located at the four corners, it can change the vehicle it is transported without the need for any loading/unloading system.

Spanbret: It is used to block loads that are likely to tip over when the door is opened by having a gap in the trailer or by fixing the rearmost loads.
Subcontractor: A subcontractor, also referred to as subcontractor or secondary employer, sub-contractor, sub-contracted, sub-employer, sub-operator, is in many cases another contractor who has signed an agreement to perform a work or part of a work or to fulfill all the obligations of the employer under the contract.

T

Demand: The requirement for a specific quantity of a specific material.

Demand Planning: It is the determination of the demand of a product or service for a projected period (such as 12 months, 6 months, 3 months, 1 month) on the basis of product family, product or location by taking into account both past sales data and factors affecting the future with a scenario approach.

Demand Forecast: The use of various forecasting approaches to determine the quantitative and/or qualitative values of the demand for products and services in accordance with certain conditions.

Buffer Stock: Stock held between work centers to balance production flow.
Transportation: The transfer of people and goods between specific points.

Delivery Note: It is an official document used to officially document every movement of all kinds of tangible assets such as Commercial Goods, Raw Materials, Scrap, Fixed Assets in the enterprise.

Portable Shelf: A shelf that can be transported empty or full.

Procurement: Research, selection, planning, inventory control, purchasing, transportation, receiving, evaluation, etc. activities required to obtain the necessary machinery, tools, devices, raw materials, materials, parts, semi-products, products and services from appropriate suppliers.

Supply Chain: It is the name given to the whole of the activities such as organizations, people and technology in this process, covering the movements from the supplier to the customer. In this framework, it is the chain that connects many companies.

Supplier The provider of goods and services is the company.

Dangerous Goods It is a material that should be given special attention during transportation and storage as there is a risk of damage to health, safety and other materials in the environment.

Lead Time: The time between the placement of a purchase order or production order for a product/service and the realization of order delivery or product production.

Consolation: It is the process of receiving the goods from the authorized personnel delivering the material by the company official.

Certificate Of Delivery: In order to provide storage, transportation and/or value-added services, it is a document issued to document that the goods in question are transferred to the responsibility of the relevant party by signing and stamping when receiving or delivering the goods from the company, supplier or customer providing the service in question.

Delivery Time: The date and/or time when a good is delivered to the customer.

THC (Terminal Handling Charges): Handling fee at the port.

TIR Carnet: It is a customs transit document that provides transportation under a procedure from the customs office at the point of departure to the customs office at the destination. It is divided into 4, 6, 14 and 20 sheets according to the number of pages it contains.

Tonnage The carrying capacity of a freight transport vehicle in tons.

Picking Area (Picking): It is the predetermined location for each part to be used for picking, placing and replenishment.

Pallet Truck: It is a material handling equipment used in order picking, vehicle loading and unloading operations in the warehouse, suitable for working in low positions.

Minutes: Documents signed by those concerned to determine a specific event or situation (goods acceptance report, counting report, deficit/surplus report, etc.).

Tilt Trailer: Tilt Trailer

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Ü

UBAK: It was put into force on January 1, 1974. In 2006, UBAK was renamed as the International Transport Forum (ITF). The UBAK certificate is a permit used for transportation between member countries, accompanied by a duly completed logbook, which is allocated at the beginning of each year to companies that meet certain conditions by the Bank of Transport, Maritime Affairs and Communications within the quota allocated to member countries by the Secretariat.

International Transportation: It is any kind of transportation from one country to another country directly or in transit; by road, maritime, railway and/or air.

International Delivery Methods (Incoterms): It is a program implemented by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) to standardize the terms used in international trade. There are 11 forms of delivery in total.

  1. CFR (Cost and Freight): It is a form of delivery in international trade that is used only in sea and inland water transportation, where the cost of goods and freight are paid. The seller undertakes all costs and risks and brings the goods to the port where they will be loaded and delivers them to the ship as customs cleared for export. The risk of damage and loss of the goods passes to the buyer when the goods are placed on board the ship, while the transfer of costs to the buyer takes place at the port of destination.
  2. CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight): It is a form of delivery in international trade used only in sea and inland water transportation, where the cost of goods, insurance and freight are paid. It means that the seller undertakes all costs and risks, brings the goods to the port where they will be loaded, and delivers them to the ship as customs cleared for export. In addition, the seller makes an insurance contract on behalf of the buyer at a minimum coverage rate against the risk of loss and damage that may occur during the transportation of the goods. While the risk of loss or damage to the goods is transferred to the buyer when the goods are placed on board the ship, the transfer of costs to the buyer takes place at the port of destination and the risk is transferred to the buyer.
  3. CIP (Carriage and Insurance Paid To): It is a form of delivery in international trade, used in all forms of transportation, for which the cost of goods, insurance and freight are paid. It implies that the seller will deliver the goods to a carrier or other person selected by the seller for export to a designated place (if such a place is agreed by the parties) and the seller is obliged to pay the transportation costs to bring the goods to the specified destination. The seller shall take out insurance at a minimum coverage rate appropriate to the type of goods loaded by paying the insurance premium. The seller is deemed to have fulfilled his "delivery obligation" when he delivers the goods to the carrier, not when the goods arrive at the destination.
  4. CPT (Carriage Paid To): It is a form of delivery in international trade that is used in all forms of transportation for which the cost of goods and freight have been paid. It is used especially in multi-vehicle transportation. It implies that the seller will deliver the goods, cleared for export, to a carrier or other person of his choice at a designated place (if such a place is agreed by the parties) and that the seller is obliged to pay the transportation costs for bringing the goods to the specified destination. As a general rule, from the moment the goods are transferred to the custody of the first carrier, all risks and charges other than freight pass to the buyer.
  5. DAP (Delivered At Place): It is a form of delivery in international trade, which is used in all forms of transportation, including a wide variety of transportation, with the cost of goods, insurance, freight and internal transportation paid. It means that the seller delivers the goods by leaving them at the disposal of the buyer without unloading them from the incoming transportation vehicle at the designated destination. The seller bears all damages and costs of bringing the goods to the designated destination. The seller bears all costs up to the place of destination, but customs clearance and costs in the buyer's country are borne by the buyer.
  6. DAT (Delivered At Terminal): It is a form of delivery in international trade, which is used in all forms of transportation, including a wide variety of transportation, with the cost of goods, insurance, freight and internal transportation paid. It means that the goods are delivered when the seller leaves the goods at the disposal of the buyer unloaded from the incoming transportation vehicle at the designated destination or terminal at the port. DAT is the placing of the goods at the disposal of the buyer at the terminal point determined by the buyer and the seller, with the unloading costs borne by the seller.
  7. DDP (Delivered Duty Paid): It is a form of delivery in international trade used in all forms of transportation, including multi-modal transportation, with goods price, insurance, freight and internal transportation paid. The seller's obligation of delivery ends when the goods are held ready for delivery at the place designated in the importing country. The seller is obliged to bear the risks and expenses, including taxes, duties and other charges, necessary for the transportation of the goods to that point and their clearance through import customs.
  8. Ex Works: It is a form of delivery in international trade that expresses only the price of the goods and enables the delivery of the goods to the buyer in the seller's own warehouse or enterprise. All costs, risks and other obligations related to the goods are borne by the buyer from the time the goods are delivered at the enterprise. The seller is not obliged to load the goods on any means of transportation, nor is he obliged to fulfill these customs clearance procedures in cases where customs clearance procedures are required for export.
  9. FAS (Free Alongside Ship): It is a form of delivery in international trade used in the form of sea and inland water transportation, with the cost of goods and inland transportation paid until the port. It refers to the seller's delivery of the goods at the designated loading port, leaving them in the line of the ship chosen by the buyer (at the dock), customs cleared for export. From the moment of delivery, the risks such as loss or damage of the goods belong to the buyer. From this moment on, all costs and freight related to the goods are borne by the buyer.
  10. FCA (Free Carrier): It is a form of delivery in international trade, which is used in all forms of transportation, with the cost of goods and internal transportation paid until the designated place. It means that the seller's obligation ends when the goods are delivered to the carrier appointed by the buyer at the place specified by the buyer for export. If the buyer appoints someone who is not the carrier himself to receive the goods, the seller is deemed to have fulfilled his delivery obligation by leaving the goods to this person.
  11. FOB (Free On Board): It is a form of delivery in international trade used in the form of transportation by sea and inland waters, with the cost of goods and inland transportation paid until the designated port. It refers to the seller's delivery of the goods at the designated port of loading, on the ship selected by the buyer as bonded for export. The buyer is responsible for any damage, loss and expenses that may occur after the goods pass to the deck of the ship.

Third Party Logistics (3PL): Logistics companies are specialized logistics companies that undertake the logistics activities (primarily transportation and storage) of their customers. The term "first party" refers to the seller company, "second party" to the buyer company and "third party" to the company that undertakes some services between the seller and buyer companies.

Production: Creating useful products and/or services for users by using production resources such as materials, labor, energy, machinery, etc.

Addressing the Storage of Products (Put Away): It is the process of physically transporting and placing the products arriving at the warehouse to the stock locations in the warehouse after the goods acceptance process is carried out, and systematically matching the identity of the transport container with the address identity.

Product Stock: The quantity of each product in the warehouse.

Product Collection: It is the process of collecting the products in the warehouse from their addresses according to customer demands.

V

Vat Number (Value Added Tax): Value Added Tax

Cash Against Documents (CAD): It is a payment method that envisages the delivery of documents to the importer in return for the importer's bank paying the export price to the exporter's bank. The importer has the right to withdraw the goods from customs with the payment documents received. This form of payment is also called payment against documents.

Crane (Crane): It is a tool for lifting heavy loads and carrying them somewhere.

Y

Load: Goods, products or goods being transported.

Loading: It is the process of safely loading materials into a vehicle such as train, plane, truck, etc. for shipment.

Loading Area: It is the pallet, platform, etc. area where the loads are placed.

Z

Harmful Substance: A substance that may pose a risk to health, safety and damage during storage and transportation.

Addendum: It is a document issued to indicate the changes that have occurred during the period in which the insurance policy is in force.